In mathematics, the Möbius strip is a remarkable surface with only one side and one boundary. It is formed by taking a rectangular strip of paper, giving it a half‑twist, and then joining the ends together. This creates a non‑orientable surface, meaning it has no clear distinction between “inside” and “outside.” The Möbius strip is important in topology because it challenges our usual intuition about surfaces and demonstrates how geometry can behave in unexpected ways. It also appears in physics